1,Foreword

DS18B20 temperature controller regards single bus temperature sensor DS18B20 of U.S.A. MAXIM/DALLAS semi-conductive company as the core, it regards AT89C52 of ATMEL Company as whom controllers produces to be simple in construction examining warm and accurate having sure to control intellectual temperature controller of function, Fig. 1 is the application in the computer machine case examines of controller of this temperature warmly and controls.

Pass and operate 3 buttons on the panel, can presume the warning temperature, and then the operation and stopping of controlling machine case fan.

2,DS18B20 characteristic introduction

DS18B20 is the latest digital temperature sensor one-way of DALLAS Company, the smaller, applicabler voltage of its volume is wider, more economic, DS18B20 is that the first sheet is supported in the world ” A gleam of bus ” The temperature sensor of the interface, the unique and economic characteristic of a gleam of bus, make users set up the sensor network easily, introduce the brand-new concept for the construction of the measuring system, is it – 55 to measure it by – 125 ℃ on temperature range,in -10- in ranges 85 ℃, there are for ± 0.5 ℃, temperatures on-the-spot, directly by ” the one bus ” on precision Transmitting,which improve systematic anti-interference greatly,last temperature surveys on-the-spot of environments abominable, for instance: The environmental control, apparatus or course control, examine the consumption electronic product of warm type etc., different from the first a generation of products, the new products support the voltage range of 3- 5.5V, make the systematic design more flexible, more convenient, and the product of new generation is cheaper, the volume is smaller, DS18B20 can presume 9- 12′s resolution ratio with the procedure, the precision is 0.5 ℃ of ±. Can be chosen smaller encapsulation way, wider applicable scope of voltage, the resolution ratio presumes and the warning temperature which users presume is stored in E2PROM, lose the electricity, still keep, the performance of DS18B20 is the best in the product of new generation, the performance-cost ratio is very outstanding too, continue ” a gleam of bus ” Behind being early for products,it open up DS18B20 the concepts news of the technologies on temperature sensor, last voltage, characteristic and seal to last more choice DS18B20 and DS18B22, let us construct suitable economic examining the warm system.

Internal structure of 2.1DS18B20

The structure is mainly made up of 4 parts within DS18B20: 64 photoengraving ROMs, temperature sensor, the warning trigger TH and TL of temperature not volatilized, formulate the register. The foot of the tube of DS18B20 is arranged and shown as in Fig. 2.

64 sequence number in the photoengraving ROM dispatch from the factory, photoengraving a good one, he can be regarded as address array yard of DS18B20 this. 64 permutation of photoengraving ROM are: Begin 8 28Hs It is the products type that is marked, subsequent 48 are sequence number of this DS18B20, 8 are preceding 56′s circulation redundancy check yard CRC finally =X8 X5 X4 1 . The function of photoengraving ROM is to make every DS18B20 have nothing in common with each other, can realize the purpose of connecting a plurality of DS18B20 on a bus in this way.

The temperature sensor in DS18B20 can finish the measurement of the temperature, turn into examples by 12: Mend one yard of reading forms to offer, express in the form of 0.0625 ℃/ LSB in binary scale expanded with 16 symbols, among them S is the sign bit.

There are for 12 persons for 12 data that be got after transforming on Table 1,storing on 2 RAM of 8b of 18B20, at binary scale in front of 5 persons is for sign bit, if the temperature measured is greater than ℃0, these 5 are 0, so long as can receive and realize the temperature to ride the number value measured in 0.0625, if the temperature is below ℃0, these 5 are 1, the number value measured needs to fetch and add by 1 and ride and can receive the actual temperature in 0.0625 instead.

For example: Is FF6FH that 125 ℃ figure is exported as 07D0H, 25.0625 ℃ figure is exported as 0191H, – 25.0625 ℃ figure is exported, -it is FC90H that 55 ℃ figure is exported.

Memory of 2.2DS18B20 temperature sensor

DS18B20 internal memory that temperature sense include one can keep in RAM and a non-volatile one E2RAM that cable erased while being high-speed, the latter preserves high temperature and low temperature trigger TH, TL and structural register.

Storing the memory temporarily includes 8 continuous bytes, the previous 2 bytes is the temperature information measured, one byte of contents low 8 of temperature, 2 bytes high 8 of temperature, 3rd, and 4 bytes TH, easy person who lose of TL copy, 5 bytes whether structural easy person who lose of register copy, the content of this 3 bytes is broken when the electricity is reset each time. The 6th, 7, the 8 bytes is used in inside to calculate. 9 bytes redundant to examine bytes.

According to the communication agreement of DS18B20, the host computer controls DS18B20 finishes the temperature to change and must pass 3 steps: Reset DS18B20 before reading and writing each time, will reset and succeed in, send a ROM order, send the intersection of RAM and order finally, in this way could go on operation that is book to DS18B20.

Reset, require main CPU draw 500μ s under the the intersection of data and line, then release, DS18B20 receive behind the signal waiting for 16- 60μ s to be about, and then send out 60- 240μ s low pulse, it says that resets succeeding that main CPU receives this signal.

Attentive matters in 2.3DS18B20 use

Though DS18B20 have, examine warm simple examining warm high connecting convenient taking mouthfuls of the intersection of line and advantage such as being little precision system, but should pay attention to the question of the following aspects in practical application:

1 DS18B20 finishes to convert temperature value to digital quantity and need certain conversion time from examining warmly, this must be guaranteed, otherwise will change the wrong phenomenon, make the temperature export and always reveal 85.

2 Find in using actually, should make the power voltage keep about 5V, if the power is too low in voltage, will make temperatures and actual temperatures measured present the a bit high phenomenon, find through the test, generally about 5V.

3 Smaller hardware expenses need compensating as to the complicated software, because adopt serial data transmission among DS18B20 and microprocessor, so, while reading and writing programming to DS18B20, must guarantee to read and write time sequence strictly, otherwise unable to read and examine the warm result, while using high-level languages such as PL/M, C,etc. to design program systematically, had better to DS18B20 operation partly adopt the assembler language to realize.

4 Have not mentioned DS18B20 quantity question hung on the single bus in the relevant materials of DS18B20, apt to make people think by mistake that hang a plurality of DS18B20 arbitrarily, it is not like this in practical application, as over 8 of DS18B20 hung on single bus, need the bus which solves the microprocessor to drive the problem, this go on, examine warm system take, notice design, a bit more.

5 The bus cable which connected DS18B20 had length that is limited. , when changing the bus cable into a paired line and taking the shielding cable, the distance of normal communication can reach 150m, while adopting the paired line of per meter of veneer with more number of times to take the shielding cable, the distance of normal communication is further extended. This kind of situation mainly makes the wave form of the signal produce distortion from the bus distribution capacity to cause. So, fully consider while examining the warm system to design at a long distance with DS18B20 the bus distribution capacity match the question with impedance.

6 Examine in the warm design program in DS18B20, send out temperature, change after the order to DS18B20, procedure wait for to recycle signal back to DS18B20 always, once DS18B20 a certain keep in touch kind or break, when the procedure read this DS18B20, return to signal, the procedure enters to extremely circulate, this should pay certain attention while carrying on DS18B20 hardware connecting and software design too.

Examine the warm cable thread and propose adopting and shielding 4 core paired lines, a pair of thread earth connection and signal lines among them, another montage VCC and ground wire, the shielding layer is in some earthing the end form of the source.

3,Design principle of the temperature controller

Design of temperature 3.1 controller

Fig. 3 is the design principle general drawing of the controller of this temperature.

This system drives the number to be in charge of with P0 mouth of C52 directly, but P0 mouth does not possess the data keeps ability, need to connect the pulling upward the resistance of certain size, the display mode adopts and scans the law. 3 buttons are connected with pulling upward the resistance too, so can dispel the misoperation that causes as the keyboard shake effectively.

12 makes page one

First, preface
Since reform and opening-up, China’s economy has been developed fast continuously, but the style of economic increase mainly relies on the consuming in a large amount of energy and resource to support, energy supply is becoming more tense, the energy expenses take very great proportion in the cost of goods, the market competition is becoming fiercer.
The electric energy is one of the energy that the ferroalloy products mainly consume, the electric rate accounts for 70% in the cost of ferroalloy. It is obvious, the consumption of the electric energy is concerning the lifeblood that high energy consumption trades such as ferroalloy,etc. survive. How to transform the traditional industry through adopting new technology, new craft, new apparatus, reduce the products electric energy to consume, reduce the expenditure of the electric rate, it is the ferroalloy manufacturing enterprise that reduces the production cost and raises the key of main factor and survival and development of the market competition. In order to reduce the production cost, every enterprise, through the self-built power plant commonly called as the power plant for self-supply one after another Method last electric rate expenditure,but because of the limitations of state policies and ferroalloy great load sudden change in production process, causing a lot of power plants for self-supply be unable to generate electricity, though some can generate electricity reluctantly, but because bear the ability of fluctuating of load badly, cause the generating set to run unstably. So, solve the power plant for self-supply of enterprises and is not incorporated into the power networks namely the fatherless network Run, support the electricity for production purpose of ferroalloy directly, give full play to the efficiency of the generating equipment of power plant for self-supply, it is imperative to reduce enterprise’s power consuming cost of ferroalloy.
It is comparable to one gram of load that power technology Co., Ltd. invents to regulate the systematic patented technology invent Patent No. that Shanxi is rich: Z L 200610065761.0; Patent No. of the utility model: Z L 200620008044.X . It is a power plant for self-supply specially directed against enterprises, under the state incorporated into the power networks, can’t generate electricity, or though can generate electricity reluctantly, because the question unable to run of the generating set steadily of striking making of fluctuation of electric load, succeed in, realize enterprise power plant for self-supply is not incorporated into the power networks non- ‘ Namely fatherless network Run, having reduced the production cost, the electricity for use in high energy consumption products project directly. Several new technologies such as the automaticallying control, changing, energy storage, recycling of heat energy of electric energy of integrated application of this patented technology, have not merely solved the automatic control that the load of power plant for self-supply of enterprises fluctuates and regulates, and solved in the high energy consumption project production technology completely high-power load frequently throws and cuts the load caused to fluctuate and regulate the problemmed, can make the generating set run steadily safely, the electric energy supplying high energy consumption project with and the equal quality of big electric wire netting at the same time directly, meet production, power consuming demand for living.
Second, Shanxi grams of Company solve operation principle and control strategy that fatherless network run
2.1,Load regulates the composition of the comprehensive control system
Load regulates the comprehensive control system by the aircrew, steam produce device and link up give water pipeline, the computer handles the unit, signal and measures unit, electric heating unit, water medium energy storage unit, varies voltage the unit, electric control unit,etc. make up.

High-pressure direct current transmits electricity HVDC As a kind of new developing technology of transmission of electricity, have already got extensive attention and application at present. With ” transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region ” With ” China’s networking ” The implementation of strategical planning, the project of transmitting electricity of increasingly many direct current will appear in China. Mainly introduce the characteristic that high-pressure direct current transmits electricity, and focus on and carry on research to the operation characteristic of the high-pressure direct current source control system.

First, foreword

Characteristic of the transport electric energy of utilizing the inherent fast, large range of direct-flow system of high pressure to be controllable, the means that can be jointly regulated through handing in the direct-flow system improves the systematic operation stability of exchange of linking with the direct-flow system. For realize purpose this, must transmit electricity at the systematic master controller adding special steady controllering in direct current. The article is recommending the operation characteristic of the control system to carry on research on the basis of this.

Characteristic that second, high-pressure direct current transmits electricity

1,The power transmits the characteristic. With transporting the capacity to increase constantly, become and exchange the restriction factor transmitting electricity more and more in stability problem. For meet steady requirement, need, adopt bunch, mend, not quiet to mend, transfer camera, the intersection of switch and the intersection of person who stand and measure often, even have to improve and transmit electricity the voltage sometimes. But this will increase a lot of electric equipment, costly. The question without phase place and work angle that direct current transmits electricity, certainly not just stabilize problems, so long as such technical indicators as the voltage is lowered, decreased in the net fulfil requirements, can achieve the goal of transmitting, needn’t consider the steady problem, this is an important characteristic that direct current transmits electricity, it is a great advantage of it too!

2,Since the protective capacity is good in the trouble to the circuit. After single-phase earthing alternating current circuit, it dispels course generally about 0.4-0.8s, add the time of coincident floodgate, about 0.6- 1s resumes. It is grounded that the direct-flow circuit is unipolar, commutate, is in charge of the valve to lock immediately against turning into brilliant floodgate on both sides, the voltage drops to zero, force the direct electric current to drop to zero, the trouble electric arc goes out and does not store in the unable over difficulty of zero of the electric current, the recovery time of the unipolar trouble of the direct-flow circuit is generally in 0.2-0.35s. If the trouble taking place on the circuit is coincident to the system of transmitting electricity of direct current in order to start Fire in the course again, alternating current circuit has tripped on three phases. Direct current transmit electricity system can wait until, go free time and step down way come on, carry on second, start again for the third time with lengthen, create the condition that the circuit debugs, resumes normal running. Damage as to the insulator of one piece, exchange the inevitable three phases of the system to excise, the direct-flow system can step down and run, and can mostly succeed.

3,Trend and power control and can realize automation. Exchange the operation way in which the trend of transmitting electricity depends on the parameter, generator and load, control the difficulty to be relatively great, need it by the personal scheduling on duty. Direct current transmits electricity the power of the system is transmitted and can be all automaticallied control.

4,The capacity has not been influenced to shorting out. Two pieces of electric wire netting, in order that while exchanging interconnectedly, will increase the capacity of short circuit of both sides system, cause some original circuit breakers not to meet the interdiction capacity requirement sometimes and the need is changed. If two electric wire netting is interconnected with the direct-flow system back-to-back way ,Break down anyplace, the increased on the direct-flow circuit electric current is not big, so will not influence and exchange the systematic capacity of broken circuit.

5,Dispatch management is simple and convenient. Because exchanging the system through the interconnected both ends of the direct-flow system can have different frequency, transport the power to keep invariable permanent power, permanent electric current,etc. . For giving the end, commutate and stand and is equivalent to a load of exchanging system. For receiving the end, it is equivalent to a piece of power which is exchanged the system to go against and turn into the station. Interference and influence each other of two pieces of electric wire netting are small, operation management is simple and convenient, present to step large the intersection of district and interconnected, the intersection of contract and sale of electricity, joint-venture run union that electricity,etc. form power system very much applicable to China.

Characteristic of the control system that third, high-pressure direct current transmits electricity

High-pressure direct current transmitted electricity to get abundant application in fast trend control ability and a lot of projects in the world of its high controllability of the system. Its effective application is decided by the appropriate controllability of utilizing it in order to guarantee the necessary performance of the power system. Regard offering high-efficient but steady operation the goal, improving the flexibility that the power controls without jeopardizing the security of the apparatus to the maximum extent as. Will mainly describe the characteristic of the control system of transmitting electricity of high-pressure direct current as follows.

1 Basic structure of the control system. The control system of transmitting electricity of direct current is usually divided into three levels, the first layer, in order to mainly control grade, also called the double-deck control grade. Usually include 3 pieces of module, including the module of module, power modulating and module and direct electric current order value which the fast power change controls of the transport power order of accepting dispatchers sends in the centre, the direct electric current that hopes promptly is worth, the expected value that the electric current controls is conveyed from this module to the control system of the second level, namely accuse of grade very much. The second layer, in order to control grade very much. Goal of every controller is to make direct current transmit electricity the system run according to a certain particular characteristic curve in direct current transmits electricity and controls grade very much. It is to send one and touch off angle order and control group’s control unit per valve of grade for the third level valve group after controlling operation that the ones that control grade mainly control the function very much. The third layer is controlled grade for valve group. Group controls grade the valve mainly there are two functions: Choose synchronous signal and trigger pulse series of producing and meeting the demands of touching off the pulse in order to touch off the brilliant floodgate to manage the valve. The synchronous signal which touches off the pulse should exchange the bus bar voltage frequency with current conversion station strictly and keep the definite multiple relation, the serious trouble takes place in the system so as to satisfied with, the requirement of the normal work that the current conversion station can still exchange the bus bar voltage while falling. The valve group that direct current transmits electricity controls and mainly involves the design of the circuit of the systematic hardware.

2 Control method of transmitting electricity of high-pressure direct current. The small way of direct current is modulated and controlled; The purpose that the small way modulates is mainly one or more modal vibration of damping, the control signal generally adds the electric current order links basically controlled in direct current. Because of modulating the cause not big of the power amplitude, the small way is modulated and does not need communication between the current conversion stations of both ends. The great way of direct current is modulated and controlled: Great way modulate, control, aim at, expand system the attitude stabilize limit temporarily, thus ensure the security of the system under the great perturbation. Control action is clicked to usually fetch the direct-flow links of power basically controlled for direct current. Modulated and controls as to the small way, the large way modulates and changes the range to the direct-flow power relatively largely, need and communicate to the end current conversion station at the time of function. Some great ways modulate the control signal and fetch the frequency that exchanges the system for both ends to offset, such a controller can also be known as the frequency modulating the controller, because can improve the frequency stability that exchange the system of both sides by its control action. Y angle modulated: As to the weak exchange system of the direct-flow connection, the efficiency that the direct-flow power modulates will be weakened greatly. It suppose commutate on side last direct electric current modulation rise,because pigeonhole not to be direct current by against turning by side voltage into and be controlled link and current conversion station not to be lasted what bus bar voltage determined, go against the demand for turning the side inactive power into and increase with the rising of the electric current. A solution of problem this in introduce the intersection of Y and corner, modulate to ensure, commutate the intersection of side and validity that power modulates against turn side into.

3 Steel direct current transmitted electricity systematically. Technology and management are particularly important to the energy-conserving level which improve enterprises to advance in the iron and steel enterprise positively in an orderly manner and economize on electricity. Support distribution link, voltage transformer wait for the intersection of electric energy and infrastructure dispose, upgrade and run while being high-efficient: The traditional one economized on electricity method and channel have already been adopted in the iron and steel enterprise extensively, and make certain effect. How the iron and steel enterprise on this basis adopts the new action, open up the new channel of economizing on electricity, excavate the potentiality of economizing on electricity. Have become task of top priority of enterprises. The global inflation that accompanied by, it is a secular trend that the price of electricity will rise, producing the rising of the cost of power consuming can only be strengthened management for power consuming by enterprises, improve and economize on electricity the level is digested progressively. Among them, the technical development is very fast to economize on electricity on technological aspect, has already or in the iron and steel enterprise got energetical popularization and application.

Fourth, conclusion

Basically controlling commutating the side and basically adopting control and α of invariable electric current and exercising restraint in controlling the way to combine of HVDC system; The side adopt more invariably to put out the control or invariable voltage of arc horn to control against turning into, get the normal direct current to keep with the security system, also have invariable electric current in special circumstances to control to cooperate. The links that direct current basically controls are numerous, control the course to be relatively complicated. Direct-flow system under the function that control basically can not improve, hand in direct current, mix stability of system while being whole directly, so often need to add and controlling to expand the control ability of the direct-flow tie line, in order to improve to exchange the dynamic performance of the system.

Carry on the economic analysis of marketing to the power supply stations of villages and towns, it is the important content of scientific and normal management of power supply enterprise, it is a main technological means to improve enterprise’s economic benefits, it is the digital basis checked to the management in an all-round way and examined too. It contributes to finding the weak link accurately to do a good job of economic analysis of marketing conscientiously, increase the input in science and technology, strengthen marketing management, to strengthening enterprise’s competitiveness, maintaining the market economy order, increasing the lawful earned income of workers, stabilizing staff and workers ranks, promote enterprises healthily, fast, develop continuously and have very important meanings.

First, analyze procedure and content

In order to make all village and town power supply station realize the important meaning of the economic analytical work of marketing deeply, strengthen suffering consciousness and market competition consciousness, improve the ability to control market economy, must make great efforts to improve quality of whole political ideology, business technological quality and scientific management level, hold the line loss, economic analysis regular meeting of marketing, the innovative mechanism of management constantly regularly, management system and office procedure.

1,Analyze that should be powered the chief of institute to preside over, persons who check and calculate, persons who check, economic administrator, persons who are in charge of of line, measuring administrators, computer operator to all participate in; Should participate in to retrieve some low-voltage administrators of great impact too to supplying power amount, average price of line loss, sale of electricity, electric rate of the whole institute; In special circumstances, the intersection of county and Company in charge of leader and relevant personnel of marketing, can join the power supply station to analyze too, help to look for the question, make and improve and improve the measure.

2,Analyze that should do the sufficient preparation well before holding, according to their own scopes of offical duty and dividing the work specifically, every management data statistics, check and calculate accurately in this issue of the whole institute. Consider the time factor that the electric rate retrieves, analyze that will generally hold on about the 10th every month.

3,Analyze that should insist on seeking truth from facts, overall and concrete, serious and conscientious attitude and principle, must not leave on form, must respect fact, objective and just, want, base on from subjective and objective two row check that analyze, discuss and make feasible improved method and measure.

4,Personnel that can attend, analyze, should accord with every performance of economic indicator in this issue, report and put forward and improve the opinions and suggestions in detail.

The persons who check and calculate: Situation that the whole institute supplies power in this issue; Every watch of pass of 10 kilovolt copies and sees electric consumption, is worthy of changing summary statement of side two times and totalling and copying and seeing electric consumption, electric consumption and line loss per unit, loss on transmission rate of 10 kilovolts of line loss.

The persons who check: 400 volts and the following total and copy and see electric consumption, low-voltage line loss per unit in this issue; Every one is worthy of changing summary statement of side two times and copying and seeing electric consumption and customer’s electric energy meter always copy and see electric consumption, low-voltage line loss per unit; The high pressure supports the family and is worthy of changing and copying and seeing electric consumption, line loss per unit specializedly directly; The table counts and copies rate, mistake rate in fact.

Economic administrator: The electric rate of current period retrieves the situation, the rate of recovery; Gather together and pays and is in arrears the situation of the electric rate to the county company; Large volume is owed fee amounts and a name; Owe the electric rate oldly to recover the situation; The county company rows every administrative expenses operating position pulled out; Salary, bonus fulfill and release the situation; Peasants raise independently and change the revenue and expenditure operating position of a household of fund.

Measure administrators: Worthy of, turn into measuring apparatus make an inspection tour, check and the electric energy meter, mutual inductor build the situation of the school, mechanical table eliminate from and energy-conservation express popularize the application; ” every household has an ammeter ” in the customer Transform the progress; The newly-increased customer’s measuring apparatus confirms the situation.

Computer operator: Situation that this issue of computer makes out an invoice; Structure of the price of electricity and rate; Purchase the electric cost, average price of sale of electricity, profit and loss situation; Electricity rates carry out and announce the situation.

Other oves involving economical operation need to report the question that prove.

Second, analytical method and range

According to the reports of every economic indicator statistical data of the conferee and performance, analysis, really find out item by item the apparatus runs with problem and influence factor existing in management:

1,The supplying power amount increases or reduces, influence the factor that the supplying power amount increases and decreases compared with last issue in this issue.

2,High low-voltage line loss per unit, the intersection of loss on transmission and rate, the intersection of electric rate and rate of recovery, table count in fact copying rate, mistake rate and comparing with last issue in this issue, rise or drop, influence the factor of going up and down; Large volume is owed the owes the amount of money of the fee and is in arrears the reasoning of fee family.

3,Worthy of changing summary statement of side two times and large-scale customer to charge the table inaccurate and not leaving and damaging the phenomenon, eliminate the high table of dawdling of the old type, change the energy-conservation of new type and express the progress, especially propagate and popularize the progress of the electronic watch.

4,Whether various charges are normal and reasonable, standards according to the regulation of the higher level and are used and charged the note in unison, whether ” three is messy ” Charge or not have ticket that charge, the informal voucher charges, accept etc. more outside the ticket.

5,Whether funds revenue and expenditure are reasonable, whether violate the phenomenon of the financial discipline; Reward safely, the intersection of line loss and award, electric rate retrieve award,etc. cash and release in time according to the examination method of the contest.

Third, improve and improve the measure

To power supply enterprise, the supplying power amount is a foundation of survival and development, line loss and average price of the sale of electricity are preconditions of increasing the benefit, it is a rigid index of expanding fund turnover that the electric rate is retrieved, electricity rates support, use the lever of the legitimate rights and interests of both sides. The power supply enterprise wants to develop oneself by expanding sales, lowering costs, increasing economic efficiency, but the customer requires the high-quality service, the reasonable price of electricity, qualified voltage quality and reliable power supply meet one’s own consumption demand. The purpose to carry on economic analysis of marketing, it is to pass the analysis of every index and economic data, find out deficiency and weak link existing in marketing management and power supply services, discuss and make the corresponding countermeasure, stop up various loopholes, raise management level and service efficiency, in the hope of reaching the best economic result.

1,Improve the measure of quantity of supplying power

Strengthen making an inspection tour and maintenance of the circuit, dispel apparatus defect and accident potential in time, reduce the frequency of power cut of the accident.

Strengthen the scientific and technological content, improve the voltage quality and reliable rate of power supply.

According to different power consuming season and period, arrange to plan to overhaul and overhaul temporarily rationally, try hard to reduce the frequency of power cut, narrow and lose electrical power in the range, shortens and loses electrical power for time.

Strengthen good service, insist the 24-hour trouble is reported for repairment, fix a breakdown in time, resume transmitting power as soon as possible. Doing good service well not only can increase the supplying power amount, but also can reduce the line loss, can also promote the electric rate to retrieve at the same time.

Carry out the policy of the price of electricity of the electric rate and fee-collection standard of all kinds of prices of electricity strictly, investigate and prosecute the case of violating discipline of price of electricity of the electric rate strictly, it helps to stimulate rural electricity consumption to implement same price and grid, open up the rural electric market.

12 makes page one

First, treatment that water of craft cuts off

1 Symptom

1,The low alarm signal of water pressure strength of the craft is sent out.

2,Cut off with water in the production scene.

3,The case liquid location of the relevant slurry drops.

4,Vacuum belt hydroextractor and vacuum pump trip.

2 Produce reason analysis

1,The water pump trouble of the craft of running, the spare water pump is linked unsuccessfully.

2,The craft water pump exports the door to close.

3,The water tank liquid location of the craft is too low, the craft water pump trips.

4,The craft water pipe breaks.

3 Treatment method

1,Confirm vacuum belt hydroextractor and vacuum pump are linked normally

2,Stop the gypsum and discharge the pump and run.

3,Stop giving material immediately, and stop filtrating the water pump to run.

4,Find out water of craft and cut off the reason, the long and another arena of reporting value, resume supplying water as soon as possible in time.

5,According to washing the water tank, straining cakes and washing the liquid location situation of the water tank, stop the corresponding pump and run.

6,In the course of handling, monitor and absorb the tower temperature, liquid location and lime stone slurry case liquid location change closely, deal with according to the regulation of shutting down in short-term if necessary.

Second, pressurized air blower trouble of desulphurization

1 Symptom

1,” The pressurized air blower of desulphurization trips ” The sound only calls the police and sends out.

2,The pressurized air blower indicator lamp red light of desulphurization puts out, the yellow light is bright, the electrical machinery stops rotating.

3,The bypass guard of desulphurization, absorbing the tower to ventilate the guard to open automatically, the imported and exported exhaust gas guard is closed automatically.

4,While giving the thick liquid a system to throw automatically, the chain stops for the thick liquid.

2 Produce reason analysis

1,The accident button is pushed.

2,Desulphurization pressurized air blower loses the electricity.

3,Absorb the recycling pump of the tower to stop completely.

4,Desulphurization device presses and decreases the too big or imported and exported exhaust gas guard to open uncompletely.

5,The pressurized air blower bearing is too high in temperature.

6,The bearing of the electrical machinery is too high in temperature.

7,The electrical machinery coil is too high in temperature.

8,The air blower bearing is shaken too big.

9,Electric trouble cross and load, cross and flow and protect, differential and protect movements .

10,The pressurized air blower happens to breathe heavily to shake.

11,The dust content is too big in the hot exhaust gas.

12,The boiler load is too low.

3 Treatment method

1,Confirm the bypass guard of desulphurization, absorb the tower to ventilate the guard to open automatically, the imported and exported exhaust gas guard is closed automatically, if the chain is bad should be dealt with manually.

2,Check pressurized the intersection of air blower and reason of tripping, if belong to the intersection of chain and movement, cause, should wait for the system return to normal, can restart.

3,It belong to cause air blower equipment fault,should reporting in time long and another arena,connection be dealt with to be lasted personnel. Before the trouble has not been checked and verified and dealt with, forbid restarting the air blower.

4,If can’t resume running, deal with according to the regulation of shutting down in short-term in short time

Third, absorb the recycling pump of the tower to stop completely

1 Symptom

1,” The recycling pump trips ” The mere alarm signal of the sound is sent out.

2,The recycling pump indicator lamp red light puts out, the green light is bright, the electrical machinery stops rotating.

3,The chain opens the bypass guard, arranges the smoke guard, the pressurized air blower of stoppage in transit, close two sets of imported and exported exhaust gas guard of unit desulphurization.

2 Produce reason analysis

1,6KV power cut off.

2,It is too low to absorb the liquid location of the tower.

3,Absorb the liquid location of the tower and control the return circuit trouble

3 Treatment method

1,It is normal to confirm chain movements. Confirm two unit desulphurization bypass guards, suck the tower to ventilate the guard to open automatically, the pressurized air blower trips; Two the intersection of unit and imported and exported the intersection of exhaust gas and guard close automatically, if pressurized air blower trip and guard movement bad, should deal with manually.

2,Find out the reason of tripping of the recycling pump, and deal with according to the relevant regulation.

3,The long and another arena of reporting value in time, it is relevant to notify if necessary and overhaul to personnel and deal with.

4,If can’t resume running in short time, deal with according to relevant regulations of shutting down in short-term.

5,Look at, absorb the intersection of cigarette and the intersection of tender feeling and condition in the tower, open person who defog, wash water, in order to prevent, absorb tower, line with glue and defogging device, damage.

Fourth, 6KV power are cut off

1 Symptom

1,6KV generatrix voltage disappears, the mere alarm signal of the sound is sent out, CRT calls the police;

2,The intersection of desulphurization and apparatus run, trip, correspond to the intersection of 6KV and the intersection of electrical machinery and stoppage in transit bus bar lead;

3,This section of corresponding 380V bus bars brought will lose the electricity, corresponding 380V load will lose the electricity and trip.

2 Produce reason analysis

1,6KV bus bar trouble;

2,Aircrew generator trip, spare power fail input;

3,Desulphurization turn the intersection of trouble and spare power into fail input.

3 Treatment method

1,Confirm desulphurization interlocks and trips movements are finished, if every flue guard movement is bad should be cut into manual operation automatically immediately.

2,Confirm section USP, direct-flow system supply power normally, job switch and spare switch are disconnecting the position, and disconnection every on-load switch;

3,Long and electricity maintenance personal of the connection value, finding out the trouble reason resumes supplying power;

4,If when interlocks and has not acted for the material systemming, should stop giving material manually;

5,Pay attention to monitoring the change of every temperature in the exhaust gas system, should open the defogging device to wash the water valve manually if necessary;

6,Regulate the pressurized air blower on the guard to turn off to the minimum position, make good preparations for restarting the desulphurization device;

7,If the short time of 6KV power can’t resume, the relevant regulation, and discharge the pipeline and slurry in the body of pump so as not to deposit as soon as possible according to shutting down;

8,If cause 380V power to cut off, deal with according to the corresponding regulation.

Fifth, 380V power are cut off

1 Symptom

1,380V power is cut off ” The alarm signal of acoustics is sent out;

2,380V voltage is pointed out to zero, the low-voltage electrical machinery trips;

3,The job illumination trips, the lighting input of the accident;

2 Produce reason analysis

1,Corresponding 6KV bus bar trouble;

2,The low pressure of desulphurization trips;

3,380V bus bar trouble.

3 Treatment method

1,Belong to 6KV power troubling causes, according to shutting down and dealing with in short-term;

2,If is one section of troubles of 380V form, should check trouble reason and apparatus movement situation, and disconnection, this section of switches, and every on-load switch, report in time;

3,As 380V power is all cut off, and the power can’t resume within 8 hours, should utilize stand-by equipment to arrange the slurries of all pumps, pipelines to the limit and wash in time;

4,The electricity protects movements the power caused forbids transmitting power by force blindly.

Sixth, GGH trouble

1 Symptom

GGH trouble

2 Produce reason analysis

1,Motor overload or transmission device trouble of the electrical machinery;

2,The sealed high strung or card is astringent;

3,The incidental is blocked;

4,Lead to the bearing or support the bearing to damage

3 Treatment method

1,Find out the reason to deal with;

2,If the electric current is too big, when the electrical machinery is overheated, stop GGH and run, the connection is overhauled and dealt with.

Seventh, gypsum lists the pump trouble

1 Symptom

1,CRT sends out the alarm signal,

2,The gypsum swirl device inlet pressure points out it is 0.

2 Produce reason analysis

1,The pump is protected and stopped,

2,The button movements of the accident.

3 Treatment method

1,Should confirm the spare pump has already been started, and report the monitor, it is dealt with that the connection is overhauled;

2,If two the intersection of gypsum and the intersection of slurry and pump break down stoppage in transit, absorb the slurry density exceed 15% hour in Tamerlan at the same time, the reporting value is long, withdraw from FGD and run.

Eighth, gypsum swirl device trouble

1 Symptom

The swirl device flows and reduces at bottom.

2 Produce reason analysis

The swirl device accumulates the dirt, the pipeline stops up.

3 Treatment method

1,Water conservancy swirl device and pipeline accumulate dirt influence run, stop the gypsum slurry pump run, wash swirl device and pipeline manually,

2,Report the monitor if washing invalid, it is dealt with that the connection is overhauled.

Ninth, lime stone slurry pump trouble

1 Symptom

1,CRT sends out the alarm signal,

2,Export the flow to point out it is 0.

2 Produce reason analysis

1,The pump is protected and stopped,

2,The button movements of the accident

3 Treatment method

1,Should confirm the spare pump has already been started, and report the monitor, it is dealt with that the connection is overhauled.

2,If two sets of lime stone slurry pump breaks down, and pH value of absorbing the tower is dropping constantly, the reporting value is long, withdraw from FGD and run.

Tenth, overflow case and agitator trouble of the water tank of going back

1 Symptom

CRT sends out the alarm signal

2 Produce reason analysis

1,Protect and stop,

2,The button movements of the accident

3 Treatment method

Report the monitor, it is dealt with that the connection is overhauled, put into operation as soon as possible.

This agitator allows stoppage in transit for 8 hours.

11, lime stone slurry case agitator trouble

1 Symptom

CRT sends out the alarm signal.

2 Produce reason analysis

1,Protect and stop,

2,The button movements of the accident.

3 Treatment method

1,Report the monitor, it is dealt with that the connection is overhauled, put into operation as soon as possible.

2,Such as the trouble for a long time of the agitator, then the system is unable to make thick liquid, pH value of absorbing tower is dropping constantly. The reporting value is long, withdraw from FGD and run

Material machine trouble that 12, star give

1 Symptom

CRT sends out the alarm signal

2 Produce reason analysis

1,Protect and stop for the material machine,

2,Trouble of the roller chain,

3,Give the card to the material machine,

4,The button movements of the accident.

3 Treatment method

1,Should confirm that has already started for the material machine for subsequent use, and report the monitor, it is dealt with that the connection is overhauled.

2,If two break down for the material machine it is unable to make thick liquid, when dropping constantly in pH value of absorbing tower, the reporting value is long, withdraw from FGD and run.

13, appearance use the trouble of the air compressor

1 Symptom

1,CRT sends out the alarm signal,

2,It is 0 to export the pressure.

2 Produce reason analysis

1,Protect and stop,

2,The button movements of the accident.

3 Treatment method

1,Should confirm the spare appearance has already been started with the air compressor, and report the monitor, it is dealt with that the connection is overhauled.

2,If two appearance break down stoppage in transit with air compressor, person who report long, withdraw FGD, run.

14, craft water pump trouble

1 Symptom

1,CRT sends out the alarm signal,

2,It is 0 to export the pressure.

2 Produce reason analysis

1,Protect and stop,

2,Trouble of the electrical machinery,

3,The button movements of the accident.

3 Treatment method

1,Should confirm the water pump of spare craft has already been started, and report the monitor, it is dealt with that the connection is overhauled.

2,If two the intersection of craft and water pump break down stoppage in transit, person who report long, withdraw FGD, run.

15, defogging device wash the trouble of the water pump

1 Symptom

1,CRT sends out the alarm signal,

2,It is 0 to export the pressure.

2 Produce reason analysis

1,Protect and stop,

2,Trouble of the electrical machinery,

3,The button movements of the accident.

3 Treatment method

1,Should confirm the water pump of the defogging device has already been started for subsequent use, and report the monitor, it is dealt with that the connection is overhauled.

2,If two person who defog water pump break down stoppage in transit, person who report long, withdraw FGD, run.

16, defogging device trouble

1 Symptom

1,CRT sends out the alarm signal,

2,The defogging device presses and lowers rising

2 Produce reason analysis

1,The defogging device is washed insufficiently,

2,The defogging device forms the dirt.

3 Treatment method

1,It need it check that scene confirm whether dirt area will form,can’t increase and last dirt that the areas by being wash by change of procedure and not reduce by that area other.

2,If send out the defogging device and call the police, run personnel wash him in the control room manually after confirming.

17, systematic trouble of exhaust gas

1 Symptom

1,CRT sends out the alarm signal,

2,The exhaust gas pressure, temperature are abnormal.

2 Produce reason analysis

1,The pressure of exhaust gas of FGD entry, temperature do not meet the demands

2,GGH forms the dust.

3 Treatment method

1,Should check whether the pressure of exhaust gas of FGD entry, temperature meet the demands at first. If does not meet the demands, the reporting value demands to improve the exhaust gas temperature and pressure long; If the exhaust gas meets the demands, this may be that GGH form the dust, employ water of craft to wash.

2,If GGH breaks down, needs to confirm whether to need stoppage in transit GGH and the whole FGD system according to the detailed conditions.

3,If GGH not trouble exports cigarettes warm and on the low side, this may be that a heated surface form the dust, should strengthen and strip.

18th, oxidize the air

O if three oxidize the air compressor it is unable to run, FGD system can still run for about 6 hours. PH presuming value absorbing the tower slurry at this moment needs to drop to 5.0. Absorb in the tower the content of CaSO3 1/2H2O takes once of measurement per hour.

If o has not oxidized the air for a long time in oxidizing the air spray nozzle, then the pipeline must be washed.

19, filter screen stop up

If it is too low to circulate the pressure in front of pump and gypsum discharge the pump, the filter screen is probably stopped up, will send out the alarm signal in the control room. At this moment, the spare circulation pump must be started, the circulation pump sending out the alarm must stop running. After stopping running, water of craft will wash the filter screen automatically, after washing, the pump can be restarted or as for subsequent use to circulate.

20, guard seal the trouble of the air blower

The sealed air blower that o operates trips, when the spare sealed air blower can’t be started automatically, the reporting value is long, the connection is overhauled to handle the trouble, put into operation as soon as possible.

Two of o seal the intersection of air blower and the intersection of trouble and stoppage in transit and FGD take bypass, consider original exhaust gas import guard, have a small amount of exhaust gas seep in, absorb Tamerlan, need for cooling,it open that the defogging devices one layer water valve.

21, boiler throw the oil and run

If the boiler is thrown the oil ran but the electric dust remover has not come into operation, the reporting value is long, withdraw from the operation in FGD system of this unit exhaust gas.

22, electric dust remover troubles

FGD is running, if there is 2 pieces or more electric field trouble stoppage in transit in the electric dust remover form side, when FGD exports the exhaust gas dust content and is greater than 350mg/Nm3, the reporting value is long, withdraws from the operation in FGD system of this unit exhaust gas.

Accumulate the dust seriously in 23, flue

The intersection of import and flue and the intersection of bypass and flue of FGD happen, accumulate the dust, have a certain influence on normal switch of the guard seriously. In FGD system and boiler stoppage in transit, should check and clear up and accumulate the dust.

24, SO2 gets rid of low efficiency

1,Treatment method

1.1 corrects SO2 measuring apparatus

1.2 corrects pH measuring apparatus

1.3 if all right, increase by one layer and run and spray layer

1.4 if all right, increase by one layer and run and spray layer

1.5 checks the lime stone slurry dosage; Strengthen the reinforced quantity of the lime stone slurry; Check lime stone reaction performance

1.6 checks the exerting oneself of pump quantity of circulation and pump of running

1.7 operation which begin the waste water if has not run at this moment

1.8 sealed air blower and low to leak the air blower to check GGH

25, it is tall in density to absorb the tower slurry

1,Treatment method

1.1 checks the density measuring instrument

1.2 reduces the boiler load

1.3 reduces the boiler load

1.4 checks export pressure and flow, start the spare pump

Sub quantity of swirl operated in 1.5 increase

1.6 checks pressure of exit and flow that the gypsum discharge the pump

1.7 washes the gypsum swirl device

1.8 checks the density measuring apparatus

1.9 checks the density of flowing at the bottom of the swirl device

26, systematic trouble of vacuum belt machine

1 Symptom

1,It is insufficient to enter the material of thick liquid

2,The vacuum seals the water flow insufficiently

3,Orbit skew of the belt

4,Vacuum pump trouble

5,The vacuum pipeline system lets out

6,The dust is a bit high in density

7,Resist and abrade damage

8,The belt machine takes the speed to be unusual

2 Treatment method

1,Check valve opening, strengthen and feed

2,Check and strain the cloth and wash the water pump

3,Check the belt and run and lean towards and control the module

4,Check the vacuum pump

5,Look over the vacuum pipeline, is there different

6,Check and strain the cake thickness and control the module

7,Check and strain a tight situation of cloth

8,Running situation of the inspection, belt machine

27, FGD measures the instrument trouble

1 Symptom

1,Trouble of the pH meter

2,The density measures the trouble

3,The liquid flow measures the trouble

4,SO2 appearance trouble

5,The flue pressure measures the trouble

6,Measure the trouble in the location of liquid

7,The exhaust gas flow measures the trouble

2 Treatment method

1,Disregard this value automatically. Need to wash the pH meter at this moment. Repair as soon as possible. Necessary manpower is tested once, then the root 2, controlling the joining amount of the lime stone slurry according to real pH value per hour. The pH meter must be repaired immediately, regulate, come into operation as soon as possible.

3,The density needs artificial measurement; The densimeter must be repaired as soon as possible, regulate, come into operation as soon as possible.

4,Wash the check-up again with water of craft.

5,By compressing the air to strip after closing the instrument. Personnel should check and do the parameter well to control immediately to run.

6,By compressing the air to strip or machinery is cleared up.

7,Wash or wash manually with water of craft.

8,By compressing the air to strip. Not when the exhaust gas flow can’t be measured accurately, the joining of the lime stone slurry should be changed into manually. And notice the variation tendency of pH value is in order to adjust correspondingly.

28, accident do not interlock shutting down

When the following phenomena appearing, in order to to the protection of the apparatus, should isolate the desulphurization system as soon as possible, and take the corresponding measure.

1,When the GGH original exhaust gas side or net exhaust gas side presses greater than 0.75KPa badly, after adopting the high-pressure water to wash invalid, should operate and shut down;

2,It is warm and normal to import cigarettes, GGH operates normally, absorb the tower and import the smoke warmly and relatively low and and send out the alarm signal, there is no obvious change after stopping oxidizing the air blower, should operate and shut down ‘

3,When can’t make thick liquid in the stone thick liquid pipeline trouble of two pieces of lime, should operate and shut down;

4,Meet accident when the situation threaten the security of apparatus and life in production scene and control room, should shut down immediately;

5,Possibility that should consider the slurry case at first in the course of dealing with FGD stoppage in transit, pool, the body of inner thick liquid of body of pump deposits, empty the body of thick liquid in pipeline and container according to actual circumstances, and wash.

Foreword

At present, China’s electric demand prones to the saturation gradually, the market of power construction shrinks progressively, increasingly many electric engineering company and designing unit cast sight on the overseas market. India is the third largest coal producing country in the world, more than half energy demands are satisfied by the coal. With the fast development of Indian economy, the energy crisis is serious day by day too, the electric demand gap increases, the market of its power construction expands progressively too. China has already exported the experience of electric construction to India progressively in recent years, explore world market. This text directs against the choice of dust remover in Indian MB project, pass the comparison of technological economy, propose the rational dust remover pattern, reduce the investment risk, offer reference to designer engaged in India’s electric market development.

1,Project overview

Anuppur power plant invested in the construction of by Indian MBPIL Company lies in MadhyaPradesh city, the unit the first stage of planning capacity is 1200MW, plan to newly build 2 600MW coal-fired generating sets. Boiler select precritical, one hot circulating, suspending the structure in midair, equilibrating ventilating, the whole steel construction, steam dome boiler assigned in the open by force the middle for use, the boiler maximum continuous evaporation capacity is 2060t/h. The boiler regards producing the coal in the locality of India as the main fuel, has lighted a fire and fired and adopted light diesel oil and heavy oil. Making powder system adopts the moderate speed to rub and press the blowing type directly and make the powder system, the discharge of the dust remover requires that is no more than 50mg/Nm3 for the largest dust content of export.

2,Basic data

2.1 coal-fired characteristics

The fire coal of power plant is the high ash content low calorific value bituminous coal of India’s local model, similar to coal of Chinese accurate dose.

2.1 flying dust characteristic

The composition of the flying dust is having important influence on choice of the dust remover.

The content from various materials can obtain their characteristics:

1Sulphur content relatively low in the fire coal, SO3 that produce less in quantity burn, micro- SO3 absorb in to apply result to be little than resistance flying dust, namely the modulation of S is very small;

2Flying dust is higher than the resistance, it is high than in the resistance district generally in greater than 1013Ω – cm, the one extremely incident and serious is against the corona phenomenon, the efficiency of dust removal is reduced by a wide margin;

3Alkaline oxide Na2O and K2O content is on the low side in the flying dust, the metal ion can’t increase the volume conductivity of the flying dust in the course to drift about, so the conductivity of ion is relatively bad in the exhaust gas dust;

4SiO2 a bit high in content, improve flying dust than the resistance, but also the hardness of the dust is very large, will aggravate and shake the abrasion of the organization of making etc. to the inside of electric field;

5The large percentage accounted for toward electric dust removal unfavorable Al2O3 in ash content, cause the floating dust more, and the dust viscidity is strong, strengthen the difficulty of accepting dust and clear dust.

2.3 design data

According to materials of nature of coal and boiler parameter, the design data calculated and receive the dust remover in heating power.

3,Comparison of the dust remover scheme

3.1 regular electrostatic precipitators

Find out while analyzing from the nature of coal, the nature of coal is worse, ash content is high, the sulphur content is low, the content of SiO2, A12O3 has already exceeded 90% in the flying dust composition, make the electric performance of Netherland of the dust lower greatly, flying dust is very larger than the resistance, it is extremely apt to produce against the corona phenomenon, all these things will be very unfavorable to electric dust removal, according to calculating and project experience, driving entering the speed among 3-3.5cm/s effectively of flying dust. So the scheme of the electric dust remover of this project selects one pair of electric fields of room ten, the section area is 504m2, each boiler disposes 2 electrostatic precipitators. Adopt one pair of electric dust removers of electric field of room ten, because the dust remover efficiency is unstable, of great impact nature of coal and system operating mode fired, can’t guarantee to discharge and no more than 50mg/Nm3 even like this. The owner demands to adopt the regular electrostatic precipitator in this project.

Except that the technological characteristic of the device of regular static:

1Consider exhaust gas of project this dust content high, nature of coal bad, sulphur content low, it is difficult for flying dust not to collect, discharge the characteristic expected much, adopt one pair of electric dust removers of electric field of room ten;

2The positive plate of this scheme is adopted largely ” C480″ ,Adopt ” 400″ Wide interval, the lines of negative pole all adopt and put electric performance and best awn of mechanical performance and sting the line;

3Positive pole change into side portion the intersection of rocker arm and the intersection of hammer and machinery shake, play, negative pole adopt top to be electromagnetic to shake, fight;

4Key part such as positive plate, corona line, shaking making device and power to adopt the leading brand products of the famous specialized factory of China of electric dust removal;

5Running for a long time can’t guarantee the discharge no more than 50mg/Nm3 is required;

6It is relatively low to safeguard the expenses.

3.2 electrostatic precipitators modulation

Exhaust gas modulate gush out low dose of the intersection of modulation and pharmaceutical in a subtle way in the intersection of cigarette and air current, reduce flying dust than the resistance, enable it electric the intersection of dust remover and supplementary set, solve efficiency that electric dust remover causes because the dust is higher than the resistance, drop the problem.

Employ the most extensive SO3 modulation pharmaceutical, the system, through exerting sour solution SO3 H2O= H2SO4 diluted on the surface of the dust grain at present Than the resistance of reducing more dust. General exhaust gas modulate system, can reduce the intersection of exhaust gas and dust than the intersection of resistance and more than 10 times, thus raise the efficiency when caught and is collected of the electric dust remover high than the dust of resistance.

The exhaust gas modulates the system to mainly include: Sulfur stores pot, sulfur and transports the apparatus, system integration case and sprays the device. The exhaust gas modulates the system to install in front of the electric dust remover, before entering electric dust remover in the exhaust gas, spray the mixture of SO3 and air to the air current of cigarette through the spray gun. The intersection of dosage and load, the intersection of exhaust gas and temperature, electric the intersection of dust remover and the intersection of power and level according to boiler, export exhaust gas the intersection of person who discharge and operating mode to change automatically of SO3, the dosage is controlled strictly.

Adopt the electric dust remover way to modulate, modulate the apparatus and operate the expenses all higher every year, and direct against the ash content characteristic of this project, modulate the result and remain to examine, the risk exists, so does not propose adopting.

3.3 sack cleaners

The efficiency of the sack cleaner is higher than the electrostatic precipitator. The performance of the filter bag is a main factor to determine efficiency of dust removal, its expenses account for about 1/3 of the all-inclusive cost of the sack cleaner, the life-span of the filter bag influences the comprehensive operation expenses of the electric dust remover directly. Because of this project, the dust content of the entry to the dust remover is big, the moisture is high, cause the load of the filter bag to be large, the clear dust is difficult, the cycle of the clear dust should shortened greatly, the service life of the filter bag should shorten to 16000 hours from common 26000 hours, shorten by nearly 40%, have offered the expenses running greatly. And, when being used for purifying gas of corrosivity, should select for use and is suitable for corrosion-resistant straining the material, use for, deal with high-temperature exhaust gas, should take measure of lowering the temperature, make cigarette warm to bring filter bag down to, operate under the temperature not can born for a long time, and adopt high temperature resistant straining the material as much as possible.

The resistance of the sack cleaner is relatively great, the general pressure loss is 1500- 2400Pa, the power of air-introduced machine after causing the dust remover greatly increases, the factory increases greatly with the electricity.

In view of the above-mentioned reasons, does not propose adopting the single sack cleaner, and Indian owner generally all refuse to adopt the single sack cleaner.

3.4 electric bags of dust removers

The dust remover of the electric bag is the dust removal way in which the electrostatic precipitator combines with sack cleaner, have fully utilized their own advantages of the two and both combined the new function produced, overcame single electric dust remover and shortcoming of the sack cleaner at the same time, and already had experience of succeeding in running in the utility-type unit above China 300MW, have proved the dust removal of electric bag is a kind of science, reliable technology.

Electric the intersection of bag and dust remover can divide into tandem two kind embedded mode, tandem to decorate on different shell electricity, the intersection of cloth and dust remover, join them with the flue; It is that the electricity, cloth dust remover are decorated in the same shell to be embedded. They have their own characteristics:

1The tandem electric bag dust remover adopts the structure of the ceiling, can carry on maintenance for 24 hours, and embedded adopts the high net air room, must change the maintenance of bag within the dust remover;

2The resistance of circulating of dust remover of the tandem electric bag is relatively great, and the embedded resistance of circulating is relatively small;

3The tandem electric bag dust remover is relatively large in floor space, the apparatus weight increases, and the embedded floor space is relatively small.

4The bypass flue of the tandem electric bag dust remover is within the dust remover, the appearance is succinct and esthetic, and put through flue relatively complicated by being embedded.

5When in some stoves, the high temperature or tube appears, the tandem electric bag dust remover can work normally, discharge of chimney density low, abrasion in air blower light, can devote oneself to work normally while being embedded, the chimney discharges the density high, it is great to abrade to the air blower.

In order to improve the dependability of running, this project adopts the tandem electric bag dust remover as the comparative scheme: In the front set up one electric field electric dust removal as pre- dust removal, utilize the intersection of sack and the intersection of dust removal and with high efficiency advantage set up the dust removal of sack to control and discharge finally behind. Each stove mixes the dust remover of 2 electric bags, it is flat to enter the flat appearing type, 4 passways room ,Guarantee to reach discharge up to standard.

The technological characteristic of the dust remover of the electric bag:

1The electric dust removal of the district is adopted before this scheme ” 400″ Wide interval, positive pole adopt side portion shake, play, negative pole adopt top to be electromagnetic to shake, fight, the intersection of bag and district adopt low-voltage pulse walk, gush out, blow bag the intersection of dust removal and technology, form exhaust gas, stock flat technological special that produce while being flat at whole structure, it is basically identical that one that is with electric dust remover enters the angry way, have determined the resistance of this technological sack cleaner is low from structure.

2The section area of the electric district is 504m2, the wind speed of the electric field is 0.89m/s, lightens the load of the sack behind as pre- dust removal, estimate tentatively its efficiency of dust removal so can reduce the gushing out and blowing the frequency of the pulse valve about 70%, reduce the erosion to the filter bag, relative extension filter bag and service life of the pulse valve.

3Dust remover export dust content can guarantee up to standard to less than or equal to 50mg/Nm3, basically nature of coal and the intersection of system and influence that operating mode changes that boiler fire.

4The dust removal part of the sack adopts the high structure of net air room, it is convenient to overhaul and safeguard like this, not influenced by severe weather, can reduce the leaking out rate of the noumenonn of the dust remover at the same time.

5Key part such as positive plate, corona line, hitting device of the needle and power of electric dust removal adopt the leading brand products of the famous specialized factory of China, key part such as filter bag and pulse valve of the sack cleaner,etc. all adopt the imported products, guarantee quality, it is reliable to use.

6The dust remover has set up and sprayed water to cool the system and spray the system in advance, has offered the requirement for reliable operation and maintaining of the sack cleaner. The exit of each passway of dust remover sets up the guard valve separately, can realize and close 1/4 of the passways and does not shut down and overhaul.

7Operate and safeguard the expenses relatively low, it is reliable to use.

3.5 rotates the polar plate type electric dust remover

Rotate polar plate type electric dust remover to transform form that can rotate traditional electric last first grade or two positive plate of electric field of dust remover, and shake the traditional one to make clear gray way to transform to rotate and brush the clear dust, have the following advantages:

1Rotating the polar plate type electric dust remover can dispel wind-borne dust two times, avoid it against corona, realize the electrode is matched optimally, so can make higher dust removal efficiency, easier to meet requirements for discharge less than 50mg/Nm3;

2Rotate an electric field energy of polar plate type electric dust remover and give play to the role of more than 2 electric fields, having reduce and build occupation of land as well as saved the consumption of dust removal, in addition it has dispelled against corona, so but the prominent power consumption of decrease, realize energy-conservation;

3Rotate the high temperature resistant polar plate type electric dust remover, is able to bear high wetly, anti-corrosions, avoids dismantling changing, maintaining, apt to install few and the safe reliability is good;

4Rotating the polar plate type can meet the safe need of host computer of power generating in electric dust remover time between overhauls, can guarantee to synchronize with host computer of power generating and put into operation, have long performance life.

To this project, rotate the polar plate type electric dust remover and adopt 4 regular electric field and 2 rotatory polar plate electric fields, 2 rotatory polar plate electric fields are fixed up at the end of the dust remover, guarantee to meet and discharge the requirement.

4,Technological economy is compared

On the basis of the analysis above, this text focuses on regular electrostatic precipitator, electric bag dust remover and rotates the polar plate type electric dust remover to do technological economy to compare.

Through the comparison of several respects in the above, can find out:

1The electrostatic precipitator floor space and investment are all greater, and run and can’t guarantee to reach the discharge standard for a long time, so have the risk that sure.

2Dust remover of the electric bag and rotating the polar plate type electric dust remover and can be met and discharged the requirement, and floor space and investment are all smaller.

3To rotate the polar plate type electric dust remover is slightly lower than the maintenance expenses of the dust remover of the electric bag, but China have large-scale power plant run achievement, direct the intersection of Indian and the intersection of model and high the intersection of ash content and nature of coal against at present, test that still remains to run actually.

So, recommend adopting the dust remover of the electric bag from technological economy and angle to reduce risk.

5,Several in the dust remover design of electric bag are asked importantly

1Air current uniform distribution question. To the dust remover of any pattern, air current uniform distribution is all very important, accomplish the basic equilibrium of air current of every flue on the basis of the simulated test of aerodynamics, in order to raise the dust removal efficiency of the dust remover to the maximum extent. As to dust removal of sack, is it even to include the dust air current and is distributed in the dust remover, have very great influence on the efficiency and life-span of filter bag of dust removal.

2Connection transition question between the electric bags. Because the electric bag adopts and connects the structure in series, it is very important to adopt the transition connections of any patterns, the simplest method is that the exhaust gas enters the sack cleaner from the electric dust remover directly once coming out, not needing any transition, but because the flow direction in electric dust remover and sack cleaner of exhaust gas is different, the exhaust gas is in the electric dust remover the level flows, but in the sack cleaner, the exhaust gas flows from down to top. Moreover, the velocity of flow in electric dust remover and sack cleaner of exhaust gas is different. So from hydromechanical view to consider, must it has one to be relatively smooth the intersection of transition and piece between the two. This not only can avoid the exhaust gas while carrying out the transition to the sack cleaner from electric dust remover, because can not ead space,etc. smoothly while carrying out the transition to the sack cleaner from electric dust remover,, ed the air current which causes electrostatic precipitator and sack cleaner by disorder of air current is distributed the serious consequence that performance is destroyed t. Among electric bag should have one smooth the intersection of transition and section, through set up water conservancy diversion and roll over, flow way guarantee the homogeneity of the air current.

3As to dust remover of the electric bag, the security of the apparatus mainly reflects on how to guarantee to strain the security of the material, design measures such as bypass pipelines,etc. in order to protect the filter bag. Throwing the oil, temperature anomaly, four tubes in the boiler makes the exhaust gas discharge without passing the filter bag of the sack cleaner by the bypass pipeline under the state of bursting etc., thus effective protection dust remover. Should consider India’s local actual operation characteristic at the same time, throwing the oil and burning the requirements for filter bag of the operating mode while exerting oneself of amount.

4Consider complicated operation and service condition in India of the sack cleaner, recommend adopting 1600Pa as to the resistance of the dust remover of the electric bag, should consider when the pressure of the air-introduced machine is calculated.

References

[1]A hall is printed, the project design manual of dust removal [M ], Beijing: The publishing house of chemical industry, 2003.

[2]Hu ZhiGuang, the dust removal technology of thermal power plant [M ], Beijing: Chinese water conservancy and power publishing house, 2005.

[3]Huangyan, main reason and countermeasure [J ] of the parameter that influence the electric dust remover to run, heat engine technology, 2009,942 : 50-52.

[4]Hu ManYin, the high fragrant forest,etc., the boiler burns and runs the analysis of the impact on electric dust remover performance and studies [J ], China’s electrical engineering journal, 1997, 174 : 278-281.

[5]Li ShaoHua, Wang KunYu,etc., the sack cleaner air current is distributed numerical simulation [J ] of homogeneity, the system engineering of hydropower station, 2009, 252 : 17-18,31.

[6]Hu ManYin, Zhang RuiYing,etc., the electricity – technical analysis [J ] of dust remover economy of bag, electric science and project, 2008,241 : 58-60.

[7]Wang LiLi, Wang Liping,etc., the application study [J ] of the combined dust remover of the electric bag of the coal-fired power plant, electricity of East China, 2008, 367 : 96-99.

[8]The accurate dose coal ash characteristic, from influence [J ] of escaping in electric dust remover to it, motive force project, 2008,284 : 629-632.

Insulating to puncture the fastener Insulation Piercing Connectors Mainly by the insulating shell, puncture blade, waterproof glue cushion, moment bolt to make up. While regarding as the cable branch and connecting, after inserting the branched cable in the branch line cap and confirming the branched position of good thread, tighten the moment nut on the fastener with the box spanner, with the tightening of moment nut, upper and lower two fasteners hide insulator which puncture the blade and close up gradually, meanwhile, the insulating barrier of the cable is stuck closely progressively in arcual fluid sealant cushion that the parcel is puncturing the blade around, puncturing the blade also begins to puncture cable insulating barrier and metal conductor. As the sealed intensity and puncturing the contact with metal body of blade to achieve maximum efficacy of fluid sealant cushion and insulating oil, the moment nut is lossed automatically, at this moment, installation finishes and exposed to some sealing and electricity result and reaches the best. 1.Product profile: 1.1 Puncture the structure, it is simple to install, the insulating wire does not need to peel; 1.2 Moment nut, it is invariable to puncture the pressure, guarantee the good electric connection without damaging the wire, 1.3 seal the structure by oneself, dampproof, waterproof, the prevention of corrosion, lengthen insulating wire and service life of the fastener 1.4 Adopt the purpose-built contact blade, applicable copper aluminium Connect and copper aluminium transition 1.5 electricity is exposed to the resistance small, is exposed to the resistance 1.1 times of the long branched wire resistance of smaller thanning etc., accord with DL/T765.1-2001 standard 1.6 Special insulating shell, resist illumination and environment and wear out, lie between the electric intensity

It is a kind of valid safeguard procedures of preventing life from getting an electric shock, electric fire and the electric equipment damages to install the surplus electric current movement protecting device in the low-voltage electric wire netting. Countries all over the world and International Electrotechnical Commission popularize the surplus electric current movement protecting device in the low-voltage electric wire netting in a more cost-effective manner through making corresponding electric installation rules and power consuming rules. This text has analyzed the hierarchical protected mode of movement protecting device of the surplus electric current especially and according to different using the place to select movement parameter and grade of protecting in grades and protecting device for use correctly Bad cooperation, has also analyzed reason and countermeasure wired of the protecting device by mistake in the article emphatically.

Keyword: The protecting device protects correct application in grades

0,Foreword

The surplus electric current circuit breaker puts the function and function of the main circuit of disconnection of measuring the surplus electric current together, can also have carried on the circuit at the same time in year and short out and protect, not merely can narrow the volume of the device, reduce the manufacturing cost, and can improve the protection level of the electric wire netting greatly. In order to accelerate the implementation that is protected in grades, the factories of the surplus electric current protecting device products should cooperate with users each other, develop performance in the steady time delay type surplus electric current circuit breaker of reliable, movement time actively, in order to meet the backbone and divide the need that the branch line protects. As to the surplus electric current circuit breaker of the family expenses, factory and user should make joint efforts, get rid of the strange circle of low price competition, try to work hard in improving interference-free performance and dependability, further improve the properties of product, strengthen operation management and after-sale service to the surplus electric current circuit breaker, enable the rural power grids produce a qualitative leap through technological transformation, the intersection of apparatus and competence and safe level.

In the past 30 years, China has employed the development of the protecting device, has gone through developing stage naturally, organized popularization stage, standardized management stage and popularized waiting for four stages at developing stage. Since third stage, the research of the protecting device, management that produced, installed and used have been improved, it is complete to manage the standardization, standardization progressively, and integrate with the international standard.

To installing and using in the rural power grids in sector standard DL499 ” electric technical regulation of the rural low pressure ” that the original electricity portion is made and DL493 ” rural safe power consuming rules ” The protecting device has done relevant regulations.

National Ministry of Construction is in national standards such as GB50054 ” low-voltage distribution design specification ” and GB50096 ” house design specification “,etc., have made the regulation to the application of protecting device in low-voltage distribution system and house. These standards and normal formulation, production and installing and using and playing technological guidance and impetus of the protecting device. In two network improvement projects, especially the project quantity that the low-voltage distribution network transforms is great, the task is urgent, in employing, study and understand to the protecting device relevant national standard, sector standard and normal relevant contents are insufficient, so in the installing and using of protecting device, there are some problems, need to cause the attention.

1,Select the hierarchical protected mode for use correctly

Transform the increase of after-load with the rural power grids, require that further improves too with the dependability of the electricity in the countryside, after the rural power grids use the protecting device to adopt the hierarchical protected mode, demand to solve the correct movement rate and power supply reliability of protecting device urgently. So, protect and must grade rationally in grades, and the movement characteristic of the protecting device of units at various levels should coordinate each other.

In the hierarchical protected mode, protect for the intersection of resident and house, the intersection of manufacturing enterprise and workshop, serve place while being terminal, as preventing contacting shocking by electricity directly or mediate contact is shocked by electricity and damaged with electric equipment damaging and protection of the electric fire. Protect, should install on the intersection of power consuming and nearest the intersection of power and of apparatus while being terminal, such as the outlet, even in the body of power consuming apparatusaccording to the detailed conditions of Chinese resident’s family at present, can put and enter entering the power of line of the line along separate routes . Terminal previous grade that protect protect, protect for the middle, should have terminal reserve protection that protect and prevent electric the intersection of circuit and single-phase earthing from short out, initiate the intersection of fire and function of accident. The power that the position protected in the middle should be a bit more centralized for load enters the thread, if the workshop enters the power of line, power of the service place, shopping center and enters the power in the line office, resident’s unit of the residential building and enters the line in factory enterprises, rural resident collect total power ordered to occupy enter the intersection of line and dividing the intersection of branch line and, getting large-scale into in the villages and small towns The power of the house enters the thread When.

2,Protect the choice of the protecting device movement parameter in the units at various levels in grades

Generally speaking, it is with shorting out, overload protection that the units at various levels should select to protect for use, have circuit breaker that surplus electric current movements protect the function, for instance, the condition permits that should also assault the voltage and does not act and resist electromagnetically and interfere with the function.

The choice of the protecting device movement parameter in the units at various levels:

Protect while being terminal, should select high sensitivity, protection device of the acting type fast for use, its surplus movement electric current IΔ n of amount is less than or equal to 30mA, specified movements time Tn<0.1s;

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PSMOA oxidizes the zinc arrester tester catalogue
First, PSMOA oxidizes zinc arrester tester use and characteristic
PSMOA oxidize the intersection of zinc and the intersection of arrester and tester use for, check 10KV and following power system with have the intersection of interval and metal the intersection of oxide and the intersection of arrester and MOA contact bad internal defect among the the intersection of valve and slice ‘ Put the appearance in place of the office within the specific limits ,Measure the direct-flow reference voltage U1mA of MOA Direct-flow reference voltage U1mA With the leakage electric current Id under 0.75U1mA .
PSMOA oxidizes the zinc arrester tester to fully actually consider the using, it incorporates direct-flow high tension supplies, measuring, control systems into an organic whole, concentrate all components and parts in a chance case, the volume is light, light, can carry to any locality and use, only need to connect line of a stick of ground at the scene, a high-voltage line, press and measure the button, can finish the measurement of all projects, it is convenient to cause it very much, it is the ideal choice produced in batches and tested live.
Second, PSMOA oxidizes the brief operation principle of arrester tester of zinc:
Press and measure the button manually, start the direct-flow high tension supply, is sampled from FL by the controller of the procedure, produce the flowing permanently through MOA of ImA, measured U1mA value automatically by FY, then is added on MOA from the invariable voltage that the controller of the procedure sends out the order to produce 0.75U1mA, and then measure the electric current Id flowing through MOA from FL. This two values U1mA and Id reveals on two gauge outfits respectively with LED number, and can keep for a long time, for reading. Finally, the procedure controller shuts off the direct-flow high tension supply, discharges automatically, send out the safe instruction, tell measurement.
Third, PSMOA oxidizes the main technical indicator of arrester tester of zinc:
1,PSMOA oxidizes the zinc arrester tester Measure the range: Electric current 0-1000μ A voltage: 0-30KV
2,PSMOA oxidizes the zinc arrester tester Precision: A word of 1% of the ±
3,PSMOA oxidizes the zinc arrester tester Resolution ratio: Electric current 1μ A voltage: 0.1KV
4,PSMOA oxidizes zinc arrester tester working power: 220V± 10%, 50± HZ
5,PSMOA oxidizes the zinc arrester tester External dimension: 375* 225* 275mm
6,PSMOA oxidizes the zinc arrester tester Weight: 5kg
Fourth, PSMOA oxidizes zinc arrester tester operational procedure
1,PSMOA oxidize the intersection of zinc and the intersection of arrester and tester the firm earthing of outer cover of the instrument.
2,PSMOA oxidizes the zinc arrester tester and connects and tries products: The one end plug high pressure H end of the arrester In the seat, another end uses the low-voltage fastener L end Grip. Or connect the high-pressure lead wire drawing machine to try products with the plug, but must guarantee the high-pressure lead wire has enough insulating abundant degree on ground.
3,PSMOA oxidizes the zinc arrester tester and puts through the power, pushes the switch, have revealed within the detector since examining: The alarm lamp is on, show the electric light and flash, two watches turn off the pointing out value as a word of a ±. If not zero, press and measure the button, the showing value replies zero.
4,PSMOA oxidizes the zinc arrester tester to reset: Press and reset the button, the alarm lamp is put out, the instrument enters and measures the state of awaiting the opportune moment.
5,PSMOA oxidizes the zinc arrester tester to measure: Push and measure the button for about 1 second, unclamp, it was all detection project that the detector finished MOA automatically, its result reveals as follows:
If the alarm lamp is on, indicate to contact bad defects within MOA, or the outside can not be wired firm. After putting the electric light only, check the wiring of outside, or change and try products, press and reset the button, carry on the detection next time.
If alarm lamp on, indicate, keep in touch well inside the MOA, detector change over to, measure U1mA and Id and find the result and part memory to reveal at two gauge outfits automatically, after putting the electric light only, it is over to measure, remove and test wiring or change to try products to enter the detection next time.
Measure continuously, weight step 5.
Fifth, PSMOA oxidizes zinc arrester tester 0.75U1mA value to regulate
Will regulate the button and put 0.75U1mA state, it is easy to try products to connect, push and measure the button and does not put, after reading and stabilizing the number value U, unclamp and measure the button. At this moment, instrument person who point out can turn another steady steady short time, U1 of value, into rapidly ,Turn into zero finally. Here U, in order to try U1mA value of the product, U1 is. 75U1mA value, the two compare, if U1≠ 0.75U, must adjust the line appropriately

Corresponding potentiometer at the the intersection of road and board, then examine U and U1 repeatedly, until U1 =0.75U. Once regulating, the detector can guarantee to measure the precision in quite wide range, needn’t frequently change. Having finished regulating, will regulate the button and put U1mA state, the detector returns to and measures the state of awaiting the opportune moment.

Sixth, PSMOA oxidizes the zinc arrester tester error to adjust
If the detector uses some time later, find that there are errors, must adjust, namely it is easy to try products to connect, should try the product U1mA value in order to already confirm, supposes it is 27.0kV. Push, measure button, put, watch the intersection of voltmeter and person who point out and should try on the intersection of U1mA and value of product Whether it is equal, if is not equal, must adjust the electric position of basis on the left of the back of the gauge outfit of the voltage, the following picture is shown. Finish adjusting, unclamp and measure the button.
Seventh, PSMOA oxidizes the simple and easy trouble of arrester tester of zinc to deal with
When the electric current gauge outfit is adjusted and less than zero, explain the input of the return circuit of electric current and protect grade and transport and put CA3140E IC1 manage by the insurance Damage, after change if the gauge outfit is not pointed out as ” zero ” Must adjust, the method: Take the body of core of the instrument out from the chassis, restart the instrument, the alarm lamp is on, pin, measure button, put, regulate the intersection of circuit and the intersection of board and the intersection of on the left and returning to zero potentiometering see the intersection of circuit and the intersection of board and main the intersection of component and the intersection of position and sketch map corresponding carefully ,Until the pointing out value of gauge outfit is ” A word of a ±” Till. IC2 changes method and IC1.

Eighth, PSMOA oxidizes the zinc arrester tester packing list
1,Detector subject One
2,Cable One
3,Certificate of quality A part
4,Operation instruction A part
5,Quick-wear part repair piece CA3140E One
Ninth, PSMOA oxidizes zinc arrester tester quality to promise:
In the three years commencing from day delivering such as product, if because own quality problem of the products, cause users and be unable to use normally, our factory is responsible for guaranteeing. Outside in guarantee period, our factory implements the lifetime maintenance service to the products.

It is the indispensable important component of generating set of the fire power that thermal technology protects the system, the dependability that thermal technology protects plays a very important role in improving dependability and security that the aircrew mainly complement the apparatus. Especially today, the electric market competition is fierce day by day, thermal technology of the power plant protects and becomes increasingly key technology, need our constant research and complete.

Keyword: Apparatus thermal technology of heat and power plant protects the dependability meaning

0,Foreword

Thermal technology is protected as generating heat the worker protects the meaning of systematic dependability

Indispensable important component of generating set of the fire power, the dependability that thermal technology protects plays a very important role in improving dependability and security that the aircrew mainly complement the apparatus. The function that thermal technology protects the system is when the aircrew mainly complements the parameter in operation of the apparatus to go beyond the normal and controllable range, link the relevant apparatus promptly automatically, take the corresponding measure to protect in time, thus soften the aircrew or equipment fault and avoid great apparatus damaging or other serious consequences. But while mainly complementing the normal running of the apparatus, it causes movements because of one’s own trouble to protect the system, cause and mainly complement the stoppage in transit of apparatus, is called and protected moving by mistake, and cause the unnecessary economic losses; While mainly complementing the apparatus and breaking down, protect the system and break down too without acting, called and protected refusing to move, and the inevitable and enlargement that caused the accident.

With the increase of the generating set capacity and improvement of parameter, the automatic intensity of thermal technology is higher and higher, especially is accompanied by the wide application in the electric course of DCS scattered control system and develops constantly, DCS control system relies on its strong function and superiority, makes dependability, security, economic operation of the aircrew get very great improvement. But more and more because of participating in the thermal technology parameter that is protected with the increase of the unit capacity, take place aircrew or apparatus move or refuse probability that move more and more great by mistake, thermal technology protect move and refuse situation that work up take place occasionally by mistake. So, improve the dependability that thermal technology protects the system and reduce or dispel DCS system and does not work and protect and move, refuse to move and have very important meanings with thermal technology by mistake.

2,Thermal technology protects the reason analysis of moving and refusing to move by mistake

Thermal technology can roughly be summarized while protecting the reason moved, refused to move by mistake: Trouble of the DCS software and hardware; Heat accuses of the component trouble; Intermediate link and two table troubles; The wiring of cable shorts out, connects in the broken circuit, void; Heat accuses of the power trouble of the apparatus; Human factor; Design, install, debug defect.

The intersection of 2.1DCS and the intersection of software and hardware and with the development of DCS control system, in order to ensure the safety of aircrew, reliable trouble, thermal technology join, control and stand by some important course protect, ‘ For instance: DEH, CCS, BMS,etc. Shutting down at the time of the trouble of two CPUs is protected, therefore, the protection caused by trouble of the DCS software and hardware moves and happens occasionally by mistake. The main reason is the signal the trouble of dealing with the card, outputting module, presuming value module, network communication etc. causes.

2.2 heat accuses of the component trouble because of the component trouble of thermal technology including temperature, pressure, liquid location, flow, position component of the valve, electromagnetic valve etc. Host computer that signal and cause by mistake, person who complement protect, move, refuse proportion accounted for to work up larger too by mistake, some power plant trouble cause thermal technology protect, move, refuse, move by mistake and reach half the because of the intersection of thermal technology and component. Main reason wear out component and quality reliable, the intersection of unit and pieces of job, irredundant to set up and discern.

2.3 cables of wiring short out, broken circuit, timid to collect the intersection of cable and the intersection of wiring and broken circuit, broken circuit, timid protection caused to collect, move main reason wear out insulating to destroy cable and binding post it enters water, air to be moist to corrode etc., cause by mistake.

2.4 the intersection of apparatus and the intersection of power and trouble, with accuse of the intersection of system and automatic improvement of intensity, thermal technology join the intersection of DCS and the intersection of system and some course control, stand power trouble shut down and protect protect. It has the tendency to rise too that thermal technology caused by the fact that heat accuses of the power trouble of the apparatus protects the number of times moved, refused to move by mistake. Main reason whether heat accuse of the intersection of apparatus and power receive plug-in package, exposed to bad designing, causing reliably by the intersection of power and system.

2.5 the intersection of human factor and caused by human factor protection move because the intersection of thermal technology and personnel leave interval by mistake mostly by mistake, misunderstand the intersection of end and son, arrange wiring, force or leak, force signal, the intersection of universal meter and the intersection of person who improperly use and misoperation,etc. cause, boil, decrease by mistake.

2.6 is designed, install, debug, have defect a lot of aircrew, accuse of the intersection of apparatus and system design, install, debug, store the quality defect in lead to the fact aircrew thermal technology protect, work up or refuse, work up by mistake because of heat.

3,Improve principle and measure that thermal technology protects

3.1 respects original thermal technology protect and design original thermal technology to protect the project and was designed out through research and practice for many years by apparatus producer, comparatively ripe, the power plant should not change him at will before requesting for agreement to producer as the user of the apparatus, let alone delete, can only mend and leak and improve.

It is tried transporting and recording and protecting the hardware apparatus that the system uses and implementing the system of track record to important thermal technology that 3.2 sets up the apparatus. The dependability that thermal technology protects the system directly relates to dependability of the hardware apparatus of the system, so the dependability of the necessary security system hardware apparatus, especially protect and export the dependability of one of the card, pay checking in measuring component and card one before the regular method is protected and put into operation each time, it is qualified to use to confirm. Will appear check-up in the practical application finding componenting or blocking piece qualified trouble lead to the fact the incident that the apparatus work up by mistake in operation. This is because it is more harsh with installing the requirement to the environment that heat accuses of the apparatus, especially electronic apparatus, half-hearted installing and there is no effective products to protect will all cause the appearance of the trouble, there is existence that special troubles will also be very concealed, so will probably ignore the accident potential. The possibility appearing on the basis of this kind of situation, only do the record well in debugging operation, follow every a series of development of protecting systematic check-up strictly, could avoid the emergence of the accident effectively.

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